Analisis Hukum Perikatan dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Saham Internasional oleh Perusahaan Asing

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the aspects of the law of obligations in international share sale and purchase agreements conducted by foreign companies, particularly concerning the validity of contracts, the principle of freedom of contract, and the determination of the applicable law. The research method employed is normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches, through an analysis of civil law provisions, principles of the law of obligations, and doctrines of Private International Law. The results of the study indicate that international share sale and purchase agreements entered into by foreign companies remain subject to the fundamental principles of the law of obligations, namely the mutual consent of the parties, legal capacity, a certain object, and a lawful cause, and are also influenced by the choice of law and the principle of lex contractus. Therefore, legal certainty in cross-border share transactions largely depends on the clarity of contractual clauses and their conformity with applicable national and international laws.

Keywords: law of obligations, share sale and purchase agreement, foreign company, private international law, choice of law

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek hukum perikatan dalam perjanjian jual beli saham internasional yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan asing, khususnya terkait keabsahan perjanjian, asas kebebasan berkontrak, serta penentuan hukum yang berlaku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, melalui analisis terhadap ketentuan hukum perdata, prinsip hukum perikatan, serta doktrin Hukum Perdata Internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian jual beli saham internasional oleh perusahaan asing tetap tunduk pada prinsip-prinsip hukum perikatan, terutama kesepakatan para pihak, kecakapan, objek tertentu, dan sebab yang halal, serta dipengaruhi oleh pilihan hukum (choice of law) dan asas lex contractus. Dengan demikian, kepastian hukum dalam transaksi saham lintas negara sangat bergantung pada kejelasan klausul perjanjian dan kesesuaian dengan hukum nasional maupun internasional yang berlaku.

Kata Kunci : hukum perikatan, perjanjian jual beli saham, perusahaan asing, hukum perdata internasional, pilihan hukum